Hydrocarbon-burner



N0. 829,925. PATENTED AUG. 28, 1906. H. LEMP.

HYDROGARBON BURNER.

.APPLIATION FILED FEB.14. 1903.

HERMANN LEMP, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TOGENERAL ELECTRIC TION OF NEV YORK.

COMPANY, A CORPORA- HYDROCARBON-BURNER.

Specicaton ofV Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 28, 1906.

Original application filed January 16, 1901, Serial No. 43,510. Dividedand this application led February 14, 190,3. Serial To @ZZ whom, it mayconcern:

Be it known that 1, HERMANN LEMP, a citizen of the United States,residing at Lynn, county of Essex, State of Massachusetts, have inventedcertain new and useful 1mprovements in Hydrocarbon-Burners, of which thefollowing is a specification.

The present invention is a division oi my pending application, SerialNo. 43,510, filed January 16, 1901, on Hash-boilers, which division ismade under the requirements of Rules 41 and 42 of the United StatesPatent Office.

1n the operation of hydrocarbon-burners, particularly oi the kerosenetype7 it is important to provide means whereby the incoming currents ofair are properly warmed and also to provide means for discharging ordirecting the said air-currents in such manner that they will properlymingle with the kerosenevapor.

The present invention has for its obj ect to improve the operation ofhydrocarbonburners by providing a means for supporting and inclosingthem whereby the currents of air entering the casing or inclosure areproperly warmed and controlled and also by providing separate anddistinct flue-openings for discharging the products of combustion afterthe heat has been substantially abstracted therefrom.

For a consideration of what 1 consider to be novel and my inventionattention is called to the accompanying description and claims appendedthereto.

In the drawings which illustrate an embodiment of my invention, Figure 1is a vertical section ot a boiler-casing and {ire-box with theboiler-tubes and the burner in elevation, and Fig. 2 is a frontelevation with certain of the parts broken away.

1 represents a boiler-casing*7 which is divided into two compartments,and located in each oi the compartments is a portion or section of aflash-boiler. The interior of the casing is provided with a suitablelining 2, of fire-brick or other heat-resisting material. Extendingacross the casing in a manner to support the boiler-tubes and also tohold the vfire-box lining are T-shaped supports 3, .which are secured tothe casing in any suitable manner. The compartments 4 and 5 areseparated from each other at the bottom, but are connected at the top bythe horizontal i'iue or passage 6. The right-hand compartment is closedat the bottom by a plate which also forms the top of the chute 7, thelatter forming a part of the downdrait-'llue Mounted on this plate is ahydrocarbonburner. 1n the present instance it is shown as comprisingvaporizing-tubes 8 and 9, a plug 10 having a fuel-opening or nozzle, anda baiing-plate 11. The baffle-plate must v be in close proximity to theburner-opening,

so that the vapor will be deflected laterally, and thus pick up thenecessary amount of air. The incoming air-currents are warmed anddirected by suitable baffle-plates. Fuel is supplied to the burner fromany suitable source through the pipe 12, and care should be taken tohave the fuel enter the vaporizer at its coolest point in order toprevent carbonization. In order to reduce the flame when no steam isbeing drawn from the boiler, a pin or needle 13 is provided, whichpartially closes the opening in the burnernozzle and is actuated by thelever or any suitable device from a convenient point. The rear end ofthe casing is provided with a door 14 to permit inspection of theburner. As shown, it is also provided with a damper, such as is commonin furnace-doors, whereby the admission of air to the burner can beregulated. 1t is to be noted, however, that the openings in the door,which are controlled by the damper, are below the bathe-plate.

On the sides of the casing adjacent to the burner are delector-plates15, Fig. 2, which prevent the air from directly striking the flame. Theycause the air-currents to be deflected downward below the baffle-plateand burner-flame. Air is admitted tothe lower sides of the casingthrough perforations 16. These perforations or openings are so disposedrelatively to the nozzle and batheplate that the vapor on beingdistributed laterally would partially escape from thecombustion-chamber; but as the deflecting-plates are arranged over theopenings they tend to prevent the vapor from escaping and' deiiect thesame upwardly. The baffle-plate causes the kerosene-vapor, which isprojected from the nozzle under high velocity, to spread outward, and asit spreads the necessary amount IOO of air is entrained to affordcomplete combustion. The deflector-plates are heated by the flames.Hence the air will be warmed before it can mingle with the vapor. Bydirecting the incoming currents of air downward, so that they enter thefire-box below the burner-opening, they will thoroughly mix with thevapor. The warming and mixing of the air-currents is conducive to goodeconomy in operation. The fire-brick linings, the -deliector-plates 15,and the burner constitute a fire box or chamber. The jet of vaporbetween the nozzle and baflie-plate is exposed to the heat of the flamein the chamber, but being of yhigh velocity it is prevented fromigniting. Ignition of the vapor takes place after it has been deflectedfrom the baffle-plate, which latter, in effect, pulverizes the stream ofvapor, so that sufficient air becomes incorporated therewith to supportcombustion. The flame produced by the mixture obtained in this manner isblue in character, free of all sooty or solid carbonaceous matter, andis of large volume, su'liicient to heat the boiler.

Situated below the burner-casing is a chute 7, composed of a thin metalcasing, and forming part of the downdraft-flue. The left-hand end of thechute has an opening 4a, which coincides with the opening 4 in theleft-hand compartment of the boiler-casing. The opening and chuteconstitute a flue, and through it the products of combustion pass to theexternal atmosphere under the forced. draft. Extending into the flue 7on the front end is a steam-carrying pipe 17. I may with advantage usethe exhaust from an engine receiving its steam from the boiler. Thefire-gases under natural draft pass upward through thevertically-extending flue 13 and then laterally through the cross-iiue19. The latter may extend wholly or partially across the boiler-casing,as desired. Under forced draft the fire-gases pass through thehorizontal flue 6, then downward through the left-hand compartment,thence through the opening 4a into the horizontal rearwardlyopening flue7. The object of this arrangement is to create a forced draft, so thatthe products of combustion instead of passing out through the up ornatural-draft flue 13, thereby shunting a portion of the boilertubes,will pass through all of the tubes and out at the bottom.

The boiler is composed of two connected sections 20 and 2l, each sectionbeing located in a separate compartment in the boiler-casing andsupported by the T-shaped pieces 3. Water enters the boiler through thepipe 22 and. at some intermediate oint in the boiler is flashed intosteam, and om that point on the 'steam or other vapor is superheated.Assuming that the delivery of steam from the boiler to the engine ceasesand that the burner-flame is reduced byl inserting the pin 13, this cutsoff the exhaust from the pipe 17 and the products of combustion willpass out through the flue 13 and the cross-flue 19, or, in'other words,through the natural-draft opening. Under this condition the temperaturcof the boiler-section 20 in the left-hand compartment rapidly decreases,causing the steam therein to condense, and the water will settle in thebottom tubes or grids. The flame from the burner will, however, maintaina certain amount of steam in the boilersection 21 in the right-handcompartment, which can be drawn when it is desired to start the vehicleor other mechanism into operation. The arrangement of parts is such thatthe flame from the burner is sufficient to maintain steam in theright-hand section when the pin or needle 13 is inserted. The water inthe boiler-section .20-the one in the left-hand compartment-acts as areserve supply and takes the place of that commonly supplied by themanually-actuated waterpump. The amount of steam in section 21 of theboiler is sufficient to start the engine, and the exhaust-steamtherefrom entering the flue 1S will draw the products of combustion upthrough the compartment 5, through the iiue 6, and down throughcompartment 4, as indicated in Fig. 1. I/Vhen steam is discharged fromthe boiler, the pin 13 should be moved downwardly to give fullburner-opening. Thiswillvaporize the Water in both sections oftheboiler. Hence more steam will be furnished to the engine, and as theamount of exhaust therefrom continues to increase the draft willincrease. As the demand on the boiler increases the supply of watershould be increased.

In accordance with the provisions of the ypatent statutes I havedescribed the principle of operation of my invention, together with theapparatuswhich I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof;but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is onlyillustrative and that the invention can be ca rried out by other means.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States, is-

1. In combination, a boiler, a combustionchamber therefor, a nozzlewhich discharges a j et of hydrocarbon vapor into the chamber invertical direction, a baffle-plate arranged above and in close proximityto the nozzle which receives the vapor-jet before it ignites and spreadsit laterally, and air supplying means arranged in the combustion-chamberwhich conveys the air downwardly to the bottom of the chamber anddelivers it to the vapor after the same leaves the baffle-plate.

2. In combination, a boiler, a combustionchamber therefor which isclosed at its bottom and is provided with air-admitting openings in itsside, means located in the coinbustion-chamber which generates vapor anddelivers it directly into the same unmixed with IOO IIO

ISO

air, means for distributing the vapor in the chamber for mixing it withair, and means which prevents the tendency of the flames to pass throughthe openings and also controls the supply-of air to thecombustion-chamber.

3. In combination, a boiler, a combustionchamber therefor which isclosed at its bottom and is provided with air-admitting openings in itsside, a vapor-generating device in the chamber which delivers therein ahighvelocity vapor-jet in a definite direction, a baffle-plate whichreceives the jet and distributes the vapor in aplane at right angles tothe jet, and plates which extend over the openings and impart a definitedirection to the incoming air.

4. In combination, a combustion-chamber, a vaporizer therein which isheated directly by the flame, a nozzle connected with the vaporizer fordischarging a jet of hydrocarbon vapor into the chamber at avelocitysufficient to prevent burning of the vapor, a baffle-plate for atomizingthe jet of vapor and deflecting it laterally before ignition to minglewith air, and means for supplying air to the chamber from a region whichpermits the air to combine with the atomized vapor before burning.

5. In combination, a boiler, `a combustionchamber which is closed to theatmosphere at its bottom, means for supplying hydrocarbon vapor to thechamber in the form of a jet, means for scattering the vapor beforeignition in a direction substantially transverse to that of the jet, andmeans which is heated by the flames and delivers heated air to thechamber from the sides and at a point below the vapor.

6. In combination, a boiler, a combustionchamber, a vapor-generatingdevice contained in said chamber and adapted to discharge vapor thereto,a baflle-plate for distributing the unburned vapor laterally, and meanslocated above the bottom of the chamber for receiving air and directingit under the laterally-distributed vapor and serving to deflect thevapor upwardly.

7. In combination, a boiler, a combustionchamber in cooperative relationthereto, a vaporizing-tube mounted in the chamber which is subjected tothe heat of combustion, a nozzle for discharging vapor from said tube ina vertical jet, a baffle-plate for spreading the vap or-j et laterallytoward the sides of the chamber beforeignition occurs, and means forsupplying heated air to the chamber from a point below the baffle-plate.

8. In combination, a boiler, a combustionchamber therefor whichcomprises a casing closed at its bottom and having air-admittingopenings in its side, means for discharging hydrocarbon vapor 'into thechamber, a baffle-plate for deflecting the vapor transversely of thechamber, and plates intermediate the baffle-plate and air-admittingopenings for preventing the escape of vapor and for permitting theentrance of air into the combustion-chamber.

9. In combination, a boiler, a combustionchamber therefor comprising aclosed bottom casing having air-admitting openings in the sides, meansfor discharging hydrocarbon vapor into the chamber at the region of saidopenings, and means intermediate said means y and openings whichintercepts the vapor and directs it upwardly and also directs the airfrom the openings downwardly toward the bottom of the casing beforecombining with the vapor.

10. In combination, a boiler, a combustion-chamber arranged incooperative relation thereto, and having air-admitting openings in itssides, a vaporizing device mounted in the chamber and adapted to delivervapor thereto, a baffle-plate arranged to distribute the vapor outwardlytoward the openings, and inwardly-inclined deflector-plates supportedintermediate to the baffle-plate and openings and extending downwardlyadjacent to the bottom of the chamber.

l1. In combination, a boiler, a combustion-chamber therefor, means fordelivering a jet of vapor into the chamber at a high velocity andsubstantially in a medial line, a baffle-plate of relatively small areacompared with the cross-section of the combustionchamber and arrangedabove said means to deflect the vapor horizontally, deflectorplates forcontrolling the admission of air to the combustion-chamber, anatural-draft flue communicating with the chamber, and a forced-draftflue also communicating with the chamber. f

12. In combination, a boiler, a combustion-chamber therefor which isprovided with air-admitting openings in its side at some distance abovethe bottom, a vaporizer arranged in the combustion-chamber and heated bythe flame therein, a nozzle connected with the said vaporizer fordischarging a jet of vapor into the chamber at high velocity, means forregulating the size of jet of vapor issuing from the nozzle, abaflie-plate arranged in close proximity to the nozzle, deflector-platesarranged in the combustionchamber which convey the air admitted throughthe openings downwardly toward the bottom of the chamber and below thebaffle-plate, a natural-draft flue, a forceddraft iiue, and means forcreating a forced draft in the said latter flue.

13. In combination, a boiler, a casing therefor, a jet-burner, abaffle-plate which is situated in close'proximity thereto, to receivethe vapor-stream, and spreads the vapor in a plane at substantiallyright angles to the direction of the vapor-stream and into the spaceintermediate the casing and plate before ignition occurs, a iiue o eninginto the boiler-casing, and a means or causing the IOO IIO

products of combustion to follow a path substantially parallel with thevaporestreani.

14. In combination, a boiler, a jet-burner having a nozzle with a singleopening, a baffle-plate that is situated in close proximity to thenozzle and spreads the vapor laterally some distance beyond. itsperiphery before ignition occurs, a yaporizer which is cnyeloped by moreor less of the liame as the pressure of the Vapor-jet is changed, acasing which incloses the boiler, a flue through which the products ofcombustion pass under natural draft, a second llue, and a means forcreating a forced draft in the second Hue.

l5. In combination, a boiler-casing which is provided with air-admittingopenings in the wall thereof, a support which extends across the casing,boiler-tubes carried by the support, a baseplate which closes the bottomofthe casing against the admission of air, a burner carried by thebase-plate, means for deilecting the jet of Vapor from the burneroutwardly in a horizontal plane, a deflector which is heated by theburner-llame and serves to warm the incoming currents of air, the saiddeilector being located between the burner and the casing, andcooperates with a Wall of the casing to prevent air-currents frompassing directly to the boiler-tubes while permitting them to pass underit to the burner-flame.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 12th day of'February, 1903.

HERMANN LEMP.

Witnesses:

DUGALD McK. MoKrLLoP, JOHN J. IVALKER.

